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TIME: Almanac 1990
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1990 Time Magazine Compact Almanac, The (1991)(Time).iso
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time
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020689
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02068900.032
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1990-09-17
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WORLD, Page 45ARGENTINAThe Battle of La TabladaA shocked country worries about a return to terrorist violence
At 6:15 a.m., as the day dawned hot and sticky, a Renault 12,
trailed by a Coca-Cola delivery truck and six other vehicles,
wheeled past La Tablada army base, 20 miles southwest of Buenos
Aires. Smashing through the front gate, at least 50 invaders leaped
from the vehicles and opened fire with Belgian FAL rifles, 40-mm
grenade launchers and Soviet RPG-7 and Chinese RPG-2 rocket
launchers. Startled troops, reinforced by some 500 police, fought
back. Nearly 30 hours later, when the shooting finally ended, 28
invaders lay dead and 20 were under guard; nine soldiers and police
were killed and 53 wounded.
The government quickly concluded that the attack was mounted
by leftist subversives, the first such terrorist assault by the
left in almost a decade. Officials were startled that the attackers
were members of the Movemiento Todos por La Patria (M.T.P.), a
leftist group committed to social change that was formed in 1986
and until now had stopped short of violence. Earlier this month
M.T.P. seemed to embrace a more radical agenda, and several key
figures have been linked to a defunct ultra-left-wing revolutionary
army with strong Cuban and Nicaraguan connections.
The re-emergence of leftist insurrection shocked Argentines
and revived fears that haunt the nation. As military analyst Andres
Fontana put it, "People don't want a return to terrorism, and they
don't want to give any space back to the military." A visibly
shaken President Raul Alfonsin sought to quell any speculation that
Argentina might be returning to the bloody ideological battles of
the 1970s. "This is our opportunity to demonstrate to the world
that we have learned from our past," he counseled.
Alfonsin's warning reflected the jitters of ordinary
Argentines, who now add the threat of political extremism to their
litany of dissatisfactions. Faced with a collapsing economy, a
strong Peronist revival and a restive military, Argentines will
soon go to the polls in search of democratic solutions. Daily life
in the once proud nation has been crippled by a 400% inflation
rate, 12% unemployment or underemployment and, since 1981, a 40%
drop in real wages. A crumbling infrastructure and labor strikes
have curtailed mail delivery, disrupted phone service and left an
energy shortage so severe that electricity is rationed.
But nothing in the past decade has troubled Argentina so much
as the struggle to come to terms with the wanton brutality of the
"dirty war," when an unchecked military visited a barbaric brand
of justice on thousands of leftist rebels and their presumed
sympathizers. Since 1983, when Alfonsin assumed power, his main
political challenge has been to reconcile the populace's demand for
justice against military excesses with the army's own demand for
respect and recognition of its role in putting down a Communist
insurgency. Over the past 22 months, disgruntled colonels have
staged three uprisings, demanding pay raises and an end to the
trials of officers charged with human-rights offenses. Alfonsin
hiked military wages 20% last December and dropped cases against
middle-level officers, but has refused to commute the sentences of
ten top military and police commanders convicted of human-rights
abuses.
A resurgent left could increase pressure to strengthen the hand
of the military, and that is something Argentina can ill afford.
With presidential elections just four months off, Alfonsin wants
to guide his country's fragile democracy through a peaceful
transition. At the moment, the resurgent Peronists have the
advantage heading into the May 14 election. Its candidate, Carlos
Menem, 53, a three-term provincial governor, has cashed in on
Alfonsin's dwindling fortunes. Menem's populist message,
inspirationally long on rhetoric, disappointingly short on
specifics, is playing well in the opinion polls, where he leads
Eduardo Angeloz, the candidate of the ruling Radical Civic Union.
Menem, a flamboyant politician who loves to drive race cars, has
avoided alienating any of Argentina's voting blocs: he woos
businessmen by pledging to honor Argentina's bloated $60 billion
foreign debt, but plays to workers by dismissing the payments as
"true immorality." Says an Argentine diplomat: "Menem is macho,
flashy and a Peronist, so he is seen by the majority as a savior."
Some Argentines fear that last week's attack exposes the true
frailty of the country's political institutions. "This crisis
endangers the democratic system," says Patino Mayer, a moderate
Peronist. "It is like a cancer that spreads to everyone." Others
insist that Argentina's democracy is not nearly so wobbly. "After
a half-century of dictatorships and disappearances," says Public
Works Minister Rodolfo Terragno, "these problems are manageable."
But as disillusioned Argentine voters have sadly learned, five
years of elected rule have been fine for freedom but a
disappointment for everything else.